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The Syr Darya〔Also transliterated Syrdarya or Sirdaryo.〕 ((カザフ語:Сырдария); ; (ペルシア語:سيردريا); (タジク語:Сирдарё); (トルコ語:Seyhun, Siri Derya); (アラビア語:سيحون): Seyhun; (ウズベク語:Sirdaryo)) is a river in Central Asia. The Syr Darya originates in the Tian Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan and flows for west and north-west through Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan to the remains of the Aral Sea. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the endorrheic basin of the Aral Sea, the other being the Amu Darya. In the Soviet era, extensive irrigation projects were constructed around both rivers, diverting their water into farmland and causing the virtual disappearance of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake. The second part of the name (Darya) means river. The current name dates only from the 18th century; since roughly the Muslim Conquests of Central Asia the river was known as the Seyhun River, i.e., one of the four rivers of Jannah, or paradise. Prior to the coming of Islam to Central Asia, the river's name is recorded by several sources, including those relating to Alexander the Great as the Jaxartes River. ==Name== The earliest recorded name comes down to us as Jaxartes or Iaxartes () in Ancient Greek. The Greek preserves the Old Persian name Yakhsha Arta ("True Pearl"), perhaps a reference to the color of its glacially-fed water.〔"Sïr Daryā." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online, 2014.〕 More evidence for the Persian etymology comes from its Turkic name up to the time of the Arab conquest, the Yinchu, or Pearl, River.〔В. В. Бартольд. К истории орошения Туркестана. (On the history of Irrigation in Turkestan) in Работы по исторической географии (Works on Historical Geography). Moscow: Vostochnaia Literatura, 2002. Pages 210-231〕 Following the Arab conquest, the river appears in the sources uniformly as the Seyhun (سيحون), one of the four rivers flowing from the Paradise ( Jannah in Arabic).〔The introductory chapters of Yāqūt's Muʿjam al-buldān, by Yāqūt ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥamawī, Page 30〕 The Turkic and current name of the River, Syr (Sïr), does not appear before the 16th century. In the 17th century, Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur Khan, historian and ruler of Khiva, calls the Aral Sea the "Sea of Sïr," or Sïr Tengizi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Syr Darya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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